SkillScape's Top 200™ Skills
Skill Category
Skill Name
Skill Definition
Business Knowledge & Process Business Knowledge Management The goal of Business Knowledge Management is to harness and leverage the collective intellectual assets of an organization by sharing the right information with the right people at the right time. Knowledge management encompasses a broad spectrum of practices, processes, technologies, solutions, and strategies.

Assess your knowledge of business management mechanisms, processes, tools, and strategies. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Keep up-to-date with the latest trends in knowledge management through reading of periodicals, networking, Internet research, and other methods.
  • Identify knowledge requirements and describe how they can most effectively be met.
  • Describe the process involved in transforming a business environment to a culture committed to sharing knowledge and emphasizing integration, connection, and collaboration.
  • Explain the impact of a company's strategy, objectives, culture, vision, etc. on knowledge management.
  • Define and implement processes for sharing, researching, creating, exchanging and applying information and knowledge within an organization.
  • Demonstrate an awareness of the various strategies and tools used to manage unstructured information and knowledge within an organization.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of Business Processes Knowledge of Business Processes is the ability to understand and describe the key business processes from a workflow standpoint.

Assess your knowledge of business processes. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe fundamental business processes (sales, marketing, accounting, finance, IT, etc.) and how they relate to the total success of an organization.
  • List and diagram the steps in the business process and show the handoffs involved.
  • Diagram the workflow, identifying bottlenecks and efficiencies that exist.
  • Explain the workflow and process steps to others to encourage recognition of how all activities fit in with the overall process flow.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of Company Products & Services Knowledge of Company Products and Services is demonstrated by describing in detail the company's specific services and products, as well as a general awareness of how the business operates (e.g. standard business processes, policies, etc.). It may also include knowledge of the company's history, culture, and vision for the future, business strategies, and strengths/weaknesses. This knowledge is key when establishing an awareness of, understanding of, and interest in the organization to potential employees, clients, vendors, business partners, and firms being considered for possible merger/acquisition.

Assess your knowledge of a specific company including its products, services, business strategies, culture, vision, strengths, etc. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Gather information from knowledgeable parties within the organization.
  • Demonstrate basic knowledge of all current and new services offered by the company (e.g. gather information as necessary regarding new services).
  • Maintain an awareness of current business strategies and objectives.
  • Discuss how products and services are sold and delivered to business clients.
  • Define the company's value to outside parties.
  • Articulate how the company is uniquely structured to service and meet the needs of its target market.
  • Explain the goals, objectives, and final deliverables associated with relevant past and current projects.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of Legal Processes Knowledge of Legal Processes includes understanding the basic assumptions of law, its procedures and institutions, and the nature of legal rules and concepts.

Assess your knowledge of legal processes. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Define, classify and discuss the fundamental principles and sources of the current legal system.
  • Maintain current knowledge of state and federal regulations, constitutional checks and administrative agencies.
  • Describe the court system and any alterative means of dispute settlement.
  • Describe the pleadings and discovery phases of the legal process.
  • Describe the trial and appellate processes.
  • Discuss market and legal controls of business.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of Manufacturing Knowledge of Manufacturing processes include areas such as management of bills of material, production planning, inventory management, product costing, shop floor control, quality control, supplier scheduling, purchasing, etc.

Assess your familiarity with the manufacturing business processes listed above including project manufacturing, discrete and batch manufacturing, repetitive, flow and continuous operations. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Keep up-to-date with the latest trends in this business area through reading of periodicals, customer interactions, Internet research and other methods.
  • Describe the various manufacturing functions and processes.
  • Describe the major problems and issues of the manufacturing industry based on your personal knowledge and work experience.

Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of e-Business e-Business involves streamlining current business processes through the use of Internet technologies.

Assess your knowledge of e-Business. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Define e-Commerce and compare it to e-Business.
  • Explain how e-Business can streamline business processes and the benefits that can be gained.
  • Discuss the challenges of implementing e-Business solutions.
  • Discuss how implementing e-Business impacts relationships with clients, partners, employees, and other stakeholders.
  • List the stages in the e-Business cycle and discuss what is accomplished in each stage including how the new economy, new organization, and new technologies drive one another.
  • Explain how current trends affect e-Business.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Knowledge of e-Marketplace Solutions e-Marketplace Solutions integrates e-Business content and e-Business communities to solve critical business challenges in the expanding e-Marketplace.

Assess your ability to employ e-Marketplace solutions. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand the fundamentals of the e-Marketplace, such as many-to-many relationships between buyers and sellers.
  • Utilize techniques for facilitating business-to-business relationships, aggregation of buyers, and aggregation of sellers, auctions and reverse auctions.
  • Understand the relationships of marketplaces to portals and how to leverage portal functionality in a marketplace.
  • Deploy order fulfillment, order tracking, settlement, Internet payment mechanisms, Internet security and trust.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Manage Organizational Change Organizational Change is the transformation of an organization from its current state to a desired future state. Change is brought about by a range of forces, including competitive, global, demographic and ethical forces.

Assess your ability to manage change in an organization. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Conduct a change assessment to measure the impact of change on an organization (e.g. employee interviews, surveys).
  • Anticipate the impact of change on employees and identify ways to increase acceptance.
  • Create and implement a change communication strategy and plan to prepare for change.
  • Prepare employees for upcoming changes and communicate what changes are required, the reasons behind them, and the anticipated time frame for implementation.
  • Create a formal transition plan related to upcoming changes as needed.
  • Recommend modifications in employee related programs and policies to management in line with proposed changes (e.g. job titles, task reassignment, new compensation plans).
  • Create and maintain a change scorecard as required.
  • Evaluate acceptance of change and continue to communicate the reasons for the changes until they have been satisfactorily adopted within the organization.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Process Evaluation Process Evaluation activities include analyzing current processes to determine if they need to be changed or if entirely new processes need to be implemented.

Assess your ability to evaluate business processes. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Gain an understanding of the needs of the organizational unit as they relate to the processes currently in place.
  • Determine what processes need to be reviewed based on business plans and objectives.
  • Gather pertinent process documentation for review and/or view the process in action.
  • Determine if a process needs to be modified or replaced.
  • Conduct process mapping.
  • Document findings and present recommendations to the appropriate parties.
  • Gain approval for any changes, additions, replacements, or deletions.
  • Create and monitor a new process/modified process rollout/implementation plan.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Process Improvement Improving existing processes involves identifying opportunities to improve the way something is done by making it more efficient and/or effective while achieving the same or superior results.

Assess your ability to successfully identify and recommend ways to improve a process or processes consistent with operational objectives. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Gather process improvement ideas by researching industry practices and documenting ideas from internal sources.
  • Identify new processes and the areas in which they have been implemented, determining the positive and negative lessons learned by the addition or change.
  • Evaluate the new or changed processes for adoption by a business unit or organization.
  • Develop a set of criteria and evaluate and prioritize process improvement ideas based on the criteria.
  • Determine the impact of new processes on an organization, including financial, cultural and operational factors.
  • Recommend adoption of a new or changed process when appropriate and aligned with operational and business objectives.
  • Gain approval for a recommended process improvement.
  • Ensure that the process is defined and applied to the methodology.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Business Knowledge & Process Workflow Analysis Workflow analysis involves decomposing high level functions such as accounting or personnel, into their functional pieces and then analyzing the processes to determine how efficiently the functions are being performed (e.g. is there an effective workflow within each function).

Assess your ability to analyze workflows. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Based on functional expertise, determine all of the sub functions of a primary function using decomposition methods.
  • Determine how the sub functions are being handled, whether they are outsourced, not needed, or need to be added.
  • Use interviewing techniques, research, and industry knowledge to gather process and functional data.
  • Determine how each sub function should be accomplished in terms of the process being performed.
  • Document the high level processes indicating problem areas and areas for improvement or change.
  • Document workflow including dependencies, problem areas, and areas for improvement or change.
  • Continually research what is going on in all functional areas for new processes, technologies, methods, and workflows.
  • Use tools to document the analysis of workflow and distribute to others as required.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Capacity Planning Capacity Planning involves monitoring and planning to ensure high performance of client/server or mainframe systems for organizational requirements. It requires monitoring the system demands of printers, DASD, tape cartridges, CPUs, and storage (RAM). Network response times to these demands are also monitored.

Assess your knowledge and understanding of capacity planning. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the components and processes of capacity planning for client/server or mainframe environments.
  • Identify the acceptable level of network response times for typical applications.
  • Outline your organization's policy regarding the balance between performance demands and network response times.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Communicating on the Internet Internet access is provided in an organization through means such as a leased-line router connected LAN or through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using dial-up telephone lines and a modem.

Global communication and information exchange is one of the main benefits of the Internet. E-mail has become an indispensable personal and business tool. Other communication and information exchange uses of the Internet include file transfer, Internet phone, newsgroups and video conferencing.

Assess your ability to communicate using the Internet. As an expert without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Install Internet access and communications software.
  • Design and manage the appropriate mix of SLIP/CSLIP (Compressed SLIP)/PPP, ISDN, and IP protocols for your network.
  • Manage the Internet applications (e.g. e-mail, Internet phones), the addressing and the domain names.
  • Evaluate Internet service providers.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Data Network Design Data Network Design employs the basic concepts of data communications and networks. An individual designing a network should be able to interpret and communicate technical information relating to the broad area of electronic information exchange.

Assess your ability to design a data network. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Identify common data communication systems and transmission media.
  • Choose the best method of transmission based on your organizational needs.
  • Compare different types of networks and select one according to your requirements and current hardware specifications.
  • Use the ISO/OSI model, including both the lower and higher layers, to design the proper protocol stacks for your network.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Install, Maintain & Administer Network Devices Networks Devices can be used to segment existing LANs so that each segment becomes its own LAN, to join two separate LANs to create a larger network, or to build a network from scratch.

Assess your ability to install, maintain and administer network devices. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Identify the uses of various media connectors and adapters.
  • Describe the types of available network interface cards (NICs) and the network architectures they support.
  • Configure a modem to enable it to connect to a network.
  • Combine several digital signals into one stream using a multiplexer.
  • Configure and know when to use the following: repeaters, bridges, routers, brouters, gateways, switches, etc.
  • Describe the functions of CSU/DSUs (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) in interconnecting networks.
  • Prepare reports outlining proposed network configurations.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Client/Server Technologies Client/Server refers to the relationships between two computers where one computer (the client) makes a request that is granted by another computer (the server). This relationship can exist within one single computer, but more commonly exists within a network.

Assess your knowledge of client/server technologies. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the role of SQL (Structured Query Language) in client/server environments.
  • Compare the fat and thin client/server architectures.
  • Compare the two-tier and three-tier client/server architectures.
  • Explain what transactions are.
  • Explain the role of network monitors and protocol analyzers in a client/server environment.
  • Describe the basic concepts of object-oriented technology.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of ISDN System Architecture ISDN is a high-speed digital transmission service that can combine simultaneous voice conversations, data transmissions, and image transmissions.

Assess your knowledge of ISDN. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe ISDN architecture and standards.
  • Explain how to manage data-link connections.
  • Discuss ISDN applications and services.
  • Define ISDN standards and how they affect network configurations.
  • Explain the roles of the Digital bit pipe and the NT1 box.
  • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using different Bandwidth standards.
  • Explain how ISDN can support multiple independent channels by time division multiplexing of the bit stream.
  • Describe the two principal standards that exist for ISDN: a low bandwidth for home use and a higher bandwidth for business use supporting many channels.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Intranets Intranets are networks that adopt Internet protocols as a common networking infrastructure and can be used for everything from serving web pages to retrieving e-mail to running client/server applications.

Assess your knowledge of Intranets. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand how the Internet works and how it can be adapted into an Intranet.
  • Describe various Internet applications, how they work, how they are configured and how they could be adapted to an Intranet application.
  • Explain different types of intranet security and how to solve security issues.
  • Describe how to conduct a network needs assessment.
  • Describe the different network configurations and architectures that could be implemented in an Intranet.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Local Area Networks (LAN) A LAN is a group of computer devices located in the same general area, connected by a common communication circuit for the exchange of information. LANs are used within buildings or college campuses and may also be connected to larger backbone networks that allow global information exchange.

Assess your knowledge of Local Area Networks. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe enterprise operating system principles and technologies.
  • Explain the main components of a LAN and the characteristics of LAN media.
  • Explain LAN Topologies and access techniques.
  • Outline the key components of wireless LAN technologies.
  • Define IEEE, Ethernet and token ring networks.
  • Discuss the latest trends surrounding network architecture.
  • Specify IEEE standards, and configure networks to these standards.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Network Architecture Network Architecture describes the overall structure of the network, including topology, physical media, and channel access method.

Assess your knowledge of Network Architecture. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe system design objectives and performance criteria.
  • Identify and evaluate hardware and software networking alternatives.
  • Understand the use of products that allow for problem diagnosis.
  • Recognize procedures for identifying and handling security breeches.
  • Discuss characteristics of the existing infrastructure.
  • Understand design reviews and how they translate into viable implementations.
  • Evaluate the results of the infrastructure implementation.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Network Configurations Network Configuration describes the way that the computers in a network are functionally linked together via hardware and software.

Assess your knowledge of network configurations. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Select appropriate software for communication within the network.
  • Explain the differences between transparent bridges (Ethernet), Source route bridging (Token Ring), and Remote bridges.
  • Explain how Ethernet is a 10 million bits per second CSMA/CD base band technology defined by the IEEE 802.3 family of standards.
  • Describe how a Token-Ring network uses a token-passing approach to network access.
  • Outline the features, advantages, and disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks.
  • Discuss the main principles of signal transmission.
  • Compare the different types of cable media.
  • Describe the principle methods used for creating wireless LANs.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Network Hardware Network Hardware is the many physical components that make up a network system. Hardware is important for speed, security, ease of use, and interconnection between networks.

Assess your knowledge of Network Hardware. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe common hardware components such as network adapter cards, EIA-568, and IEEE 802 standards.
  • Describe common network products and concepts such as Token Ring, FDDI/CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-X, 100VGAnyLAN, and switching hubs.
  • Explain how all these components should conform to standards and specifications that ensure their efficient operation.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Network Protocols and Standards A Protocol is an agreement between two or more communicating parties on how the transfer of data communication is to proceed. The network operating system follows a strict set of procedures in performing each task, which is specified in the protocol or standard suite.

Assess your knowledge of Network Protocols and Standards. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the purpose of the OSI reference model and name its layers.
  • Describe the purpose of IEEE 802 series in relation to the OSI model.
  • Describe the standard format for the LLC protocol data unit (PDU).
  • Compare the use of frames in both connectionless and connection-oriented data transfer.
  • Describe the value of state variables and the retransmission list.
  • Outline the IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet networks.
  • Discuss the various aspects of the IEEE 802.5 Token Ring.
  • Describe the differences between FDDI, ATM, and High Speed LANs.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of TCP/IP TCP/IP is an industry standard suite of protocols providing communications in a heterogeneous environment. TCP/IP provides a routable, enterprise networking protocol and access to the Internet.

Assess your knowledge of TCP/IP. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand the configuration of a DHCP for multiple subnets.
  • Explain the routing used by TCP/IP, distinguishing between direct and indirect routing, and differentiating between core and non-core gateways.
  • Describe how a DNS maps IP addresses.
  • Describe the TCP/IP protocol suite and its relation to the OSI/IP model.
  • Identify common TCP/IP-related problems.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Knowledge of Wide Area Networks (WAN) A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a group of computer devices connected over a large geographical area, often a country or continent. It contains a collection of machines called hosts. Hosts are connected by communication subnets to carry data from host to host.

Assess your knowledge of WANs. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe WAN access, cell-based, packet-based and fast packet technologies.
  • Provide an overview of the technologies based on frame relay and cell relay and assess their application in networks.
  • Discuss the different protocols that can be used in Wide Area Networks.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Network Administration Network Administration covers many areas including user administration, resource management, configuration management, performance management, security management, and maintenance.

Assess your ability to administer a network. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Identify the interconnection needs of an organization's resources through LAN configuration.
  • Organize the security of networks by selecting the appropriate security software that ensures appropriate password encryption, firewalls, and other security mechanisms.
  • Determine user accounts and levels of authority.
  • Discuss the principles and concepts of performance optimization, with particular attention to automatic and manual optimization.
  • Operate SNMP v2 protocol analyzers and RMONs.
  • Implement appropriate network security software and firewalls.
  • Discuss performance optimization and performance monitoring of both NT Server and the network, using Performance Monitor and the Network Monitor.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Communications & Networking Network Analysis Network Analysis involves undertaking research and interviews to establish current network capabilities, and to determine what capabilities need to be implemented to meet internal or external customer usage and response time requirements.

Assess your network analysis abilities. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Interview users, managers, and developers to determine current and future requirements for volume and response time.
  • Research the specifications of servers, workstations, wiring closets, software, etc., to determine the costs and capabilities of network components.
  • Prepare diagrams and documents detailing the current network implementation including media, equipment, servers and software.
  • Compare and document current capabilities to future requirements.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Data Management Data management entails tools and processes used to store and manipulate data.

Assess your ability to manage data. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Distinguish between referential and entity integrity.
  • Discuss how the data structure design is critical to effective decision making.
  • Describe Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) and their function.
  • Explain Data Warehousing and the purpose of queries and metadata.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Database Design Databases are software structures that store large quantities of data and allow quick searching and organization of that data.

Assess your knowledge of the design of databases. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Design a database model, using a suitable modeling technique.
  • Map an entity relationship diagram to the relational model.
  • Carry out all the stages of the normalization process.
  • Identify the problem with third normal form and solve it, using Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).
  • Decompose a table into several BCNF tables using the technique of functional determinacy diagrams.
  • Illustrate how physical and logical independence at the conceptual level facilitates dynamic database evolution.
  • Draw up a suitable model for an enterprise, as a result of strategic planning.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Database Management Database Management requires an understanding of both the data and the schema of the database, and how to extract meaningful information from it.

Assess your knowledge of database management. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Classify users into the privilege levels, create users with access to the database and grant and revoke privileges.
  • Describe the functions of data dictionaries, views, audit trails, and transaction logs as security mechanisms.
  • Distinguish between referential and entity integrity, and state whether particular operations contravene integrity rules.
  • Identify and create primary keys, identify foreign keys, and create an index for a table.
  • Identify three concurrency problems that may arise in relational systems and suggest locking solutions that avoid deadlocking.
  • Distinguish between media and system failures, explain the consequences of transaction failure, and outline the key elements in transaction recovery.
  • Explain the storage structures used at the internal level and relate space allocation to database performance.
  • Explain the concept of optimization and identify the steps in processing and optimizing a SQL query.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Database Programming Database Programming involves using specific database languages and programs to create database applications.

Assess your knowledge of Database Programming. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand database queries and data handling using SQL.
  • Categorize SQL into three component languages and indicate the functions of each.
  • Use the SELECT command to retrieve data.
  • Use the built-in functions available in SQL to refine database queries.
  • Retrieve data from two or more tables, using joins and sub queries.
  • Describe and use the data manipulation commands INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
  • Describe how to embed SQL in a C routine using the EXEC SQL command.
  • Use data definition commands to create, manipulate, and remove base tables, indexes, and views.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Knowledge of Computer Architecture Computer architecture describes the physical architecture of various computer components.

Assess your knowledge of computer architecture. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe: SISD, SIMD and MIMD.
  • Describe the difference between a super scalar and super pipeline architecture.
  • Know the different causes of pipeline bubbles (stalls) including control, data, and structural hazards.
  • Know the differences between a memory mapped I/O and a separate I/O address space.
  • Evaluate the trade-offs between a shared memory and shared nothing (cluster) multiprocessor.
  • Analyze a system's requirements and determine its proper computer architecture requirements.
  • Contrast and evaluate different computer architectures to determine the trade-offs involved in each selection.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Knowledge of Data Security Data security relates to how data/information is protected from unauthorized access.

Assess your knowledge of data security. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Discuss methods of securing data in extensively shared, distributed systems.
  • Discuss the following terms: bounded propagation, data integrity, inference control, and public-key cryptography.
  • Discuss the differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
  • Explain the knapsack scheme.
  • Describe how to manage hard disks in Windows NT with the Disk Administrator utility.
  • Describe ways to make a network secure.
  • Describe the management of security policies.
  • Describe how to implement file and folder security.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Knowledge of N-Tier Technologies and Architecture N-Tier (meaning 2+ number of tiers) technology is a cross-platform computing system distributed among two or more separate computers in a distributed network.

Assess your knowledge of N-Tier Technologies and Architecture. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Discuss how enterprise application architectures have evolved and what trends industry analysts are projecting in the future for application architecture.
  • Understand how N-Tier related technology is applied to knowledge-based business processes.
  • Discus how the N-Tier application structure implies the client/server program model.
  • Discuss the advantages of N-Tier applications and explore, in technical detail, the critical requirements for building effective multi-tier applications.
  • Evaluate application servers for your environment and development project.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge Knowledge of Software Architecture Software Architecture includes databases, operating systems, real time systems, and user interfaces.

Assess your knowledge of Software Architecture. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the purpose and components of an operating system.
  • Explain databases and database management systems.
  • Describe terms such as OSI, GUI, indexes, keys, kernel, pixel and HTML.
  • Describe a real time system.
  • Define systems and applications software and explain functions.
  • Explain the importance of application software.
  • Describe the evolution of programming languages.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Knowledge e-Commerce Knowledge e-Commerce (EC) is the process of conducting business activities electronically. Primarily it involves business transactions on the World Wide Web, but also refers to business processes such as direct deposit, electronic fund transfers and Automated Teller Machines.

Assess your knowledge of e-Commerce. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the e-Commerce framework.
  • Identify issues regarding e-Commerce security.
  • Understand consumer payment protocols.
  • Describe the business-to-business infrastructure.
  • Discuss the effects of e-Commerce on banking and finance.
  • Describe legal issues surrounding e-Commerce, including copyright, patents, and trademarks.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Internet and Intranet Software Internet and Intranet software covers a variety of computer programs including start-up kits, server products, site design tools and Internet utilities.

Assess your ability to use Internet and Intranet software such as web browsers and e-mail applications. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand the nature of the World Wide Web and be able to use and configure a web browser.
  • Find, download, and print relevant information from the Web.
  • Send and receive e-mail and manage address books and distribution lists.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is a relational database used on a Windows platform. As well as allowing users to create new databases, Access can also integrate information from other databases and spreadsheets.

Assess your ability use Microsoft Access. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Create multi-table queries using related tables.
  • Set up table relationships.
  • Set up sub forms.
  • Design, modify, and enhance a form's appearance.
  • Create and run macros.
  • Create hyperlinks and HTML documents.
  • Share and secure databases.
  • Link and import data.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel is a desktop software application that allows users to manipulate and create tabulated data.

Assess your ability to utilize Excel to create and manipulate data. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Create a new chart.
  • Sort data.
  • Modify, format, and print charts.
  • Sort and filter a list.
  • Create and modify outlines.
  • Record, run, and edit macros.
  • Format rows, columns, and numbers.
  • Create and use formulas.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Internet Explorer Microsoft Internet Explorer is a Internet browser application.

Assess your ability to use Internet Explorer. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Access a web site by manually entering a URL or by doing a search.
  • Use and understand the concepts behind streaming radio and video.
  • Understand the idea of plug-ins and how they enable viewing of animation, etc.
  • Configure security features such as secure socket layers (SSL), digital signatures and certificates.
  • Configure advanced features such as print settings and script disabling.
  • Send, receive and customize e-mail.
  • Identify sources of built-in help.
  • Understand the concepts of cookies and the use of the history file.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Outlook Outlook is a desktop application that supports users to perform organizational and management functions in MS Office and the Internet. It includes features such as calendars, messaging and e-mail.

Assess your ability to utilize the essential features of Outlook. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Communicate effectively using Outlook's powerful e-mail facilities.
  • Use the Outlook scheduling feature.
  • Customize mailing options.
  • Use public and personal folders.
  • Set up and configure the Outlook Express newsreader.
  • Create and install Outlook forms.
  • Work with e-mail, personal folders, and address books.
  • Share information, work remotely, organize work, and synchronize schedules with others.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft PowerPoint PowerPoint is a software application that allows the user to create presentations.

Assess your ability to create presentations using PowerPoint. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Create, edit and rearrange text on PowerPoint slides.
  • Import and export data.
  • Review and print a presentation.
  • Run a slide show.
  • Create graphs and organizational charts.
  • Add speaker's notes to a presentation.
  • Use PowerPoint on a network or the Internet.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Project Microsoft Project is a project management software application that can efficiently plan, manage, and communicate project information.

Assess your ability to use MS Project for project planning, task scheduling, resource planning and evaluation. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Define project management and its phases.
  • Create a project file.
  • Create, organize, and modify a project schedule.
  • Assign and manage resources.
  • Format and print a project.
  • Apply filters.
  • Factor costs into key decisions regarding project management by adding cost information to a project plan.
  • Estimate costs and apply work contours when assigning resources to tasks. .
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Windows The Windows family of operating systems is a graphical based environment capable of networking or multi-tasking, and can operate as an extension of MS-DOS.

Assess your ability to use Windows. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Install Windows on a stand-alone system using express and custom setup.
  • Utilize advanced features and tools.
  • Interface with other software products.
  • Understand the various functions and features of each version of the Windows family.
  • Determine methods for avoiding and/or dealing with common Windows failures.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is a word processing software package.

Assess your ability to use Word to create and manipulate documents. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Create and edit documents using the different versions of Word.
  • Generate mail merges.
  • Create and modify forms.
  • Create multiple versions of a document.
  • Record and run macros.
  • Create and modify headers and footers.
  • Modify page layout in a document.
  • Create and use worksheets and charts.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Netscape Communicator Netscape Communicator is a suite of software that is used to access the Internet.

Assess your ability to use Netscape Communicator. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Access a web site by manually entering a URL or by doing a search.
  • Explain the difference between Netscape Communicator and Netscape Navigator.
  • Use and understand the concepts behind streaming radio and video.
  • Configure and use Netscape e-mail, messaging and chat.
  • Configure security features such as secure socket layers (SSL) and digital signatures and certificates.
  • Configure advanced features such as print settings and script disabling.
  • Identify sources of built-in help.
  • Understand the concepts of cookies and the use of the history file.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use The Internet The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net", is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, obtain information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

Assess your ability to utilize the Internet. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the main Internet applications including: e-mail, news groups, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), and the World Wide Web (WWW).
  • Conduct a search of Internet resources using a search engine (e.g. AltaVista, Lycos, etc.)
  • Utilize e-mail services to read, delete, send, forward and reply to messages from both the same and different domains.
  • Interpret domain names, subscribe to, contribute to, and unsubscribe to a listserv, and understand the uses of listservs.
  • Use FTP to transfer files and programs from remote locations to the host machine.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software - End User Perspective Use Web Browsers Browsers are software tools that give the user an interface to view and navigate data available on the Internet. Many have built-in features such as news, mail, FTP, gopher, telnet, IRC, multimedia viewers, and the ability to view Java applications.

Assess your ability to utilize web browsers and their functions. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Utilize and configure features and tools such as bookmarks, history, toolbars, etc.
  • Understand web site navigation and hyperlinks.
  • Utilize search functions to locate information on the World Wide Web.
  • Understand security issues.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Analysis and Design of Software Products Analysis and Design of Software Products is the process in the Software Development Lifecycle that identifies the requirements of a software product and then formulates a design to incorporate these specifications into a working product.

Assess your ability to analyze and design software products. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Distinguish between processes and entities.
  • Identify the objective of an analysis.
  • Compile a list of the processes in a system, and identify transaction rates.
  • Compile a list of entities in a system, group them into categories, and identify entity volumes.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Application Analysis Application Analysis is the process of gathering user requirements that will be used to design and develop an application system or system modifications.

Assess your application analysis abilities. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Identify and describe the business requirements through written or verbal communications.
  • Identify and describe the current application and environment in which it is running.
  • Identify what changes need to be made or new processes that need to be developed.
  • Produce, at a minimum, a conceptual design that shows the system scope, overall architecture and relationship with other systems.
  • Define the test strategy that will be used for the system or project.
  • Work with I/T and other departments to analyze business and technical issues including impact on other applications.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Application Design Application Design includes, as appropriate, work unit specifications, database designs, interface designs, and I/T operations processes.

Assess your ability to design applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform most or all of the following:

  • Create design specifications for coding based on business requirements and specifications.
  • Describe and use principles of modular design.
  • Prepare designs in accordance with architectural principles and guidelines.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Apply Life Cycle Development Life Cycle Development is a multiphase approach to software development, from defining business requirements to putting the software into production. The end of the development life cycle normally occurs when the software goes into maintenance mode.

Assess your knowledge of life cycle software development. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe each of the phases and define the key tasks that take place in each one.
  • Describe how each stage of life cycle development is implemented.
  • Identify possible deliverables that may be produced at each stage of the life cycle development.
  • Recognize the scheduling issues involved in life cycle development.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering C Programming C is a structured, procedural programming language that has been used for both operating systems and applications. C is the base language for the object orientated language C++.

Assess you ability to use C to create applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Write code appropriate for target platforms.
  • Show how to use different kinds of variables.
  • Use expressions and statements correctly.
  • Write flow-control statements without sequencing errors.
  • Write ANSI C programs for text, string, and array processing.
  • Write ANSI C programs for processing aggregate data objects individually, in arrays, and in lists.
  • Write advanced, efficient ANSI C programs using pointers.
  • Implement dynamic memory allocation.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering C++ Programming C++ is a third generation, object-oriented (OO) programming language.

Assess your ability to develop programs using C++. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the use of inheritance in C ++.
  • Create applications using the elements of object-oriented programming.
  • Dynamically create objects within C++.
  • Describe polymorphism and virtual functions.
  • Create C++ programs that transfer data to and from a file.
  • Use control structures in C++.
  • Convert data types.
  • Implement friend relationships, containment relationships, and associative relationships.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Conceptual Data Modeling Conceptual Data Modeling is the process of developing an entity-relationship model that represents the information requirements of a business pertinent to an application.

Assess your ability to develop a conceptual data model. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the terms entity and relationship as they relate to data modeling.
  • Determine and define applicable entities.
  • Determine and name entity relationships.
  • Define the attributes of entities.
  • Using appropriate tools, develop an entity relationship diagram.
  • Analyze user information requirements.
  • Validate your model.

Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Data Analysis Data refers to values without regard to the meaning of the values as understood by some user. Data Analysis is the process involved in studying those values to determine how a customer can store, share, integrate and use them in their business activities.

Assess your ability to analyze data. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Determine what data should be stored, shared, and integrated, and what type and format the data is.
  • Review existing reports, programs, databases, file specifications, etc. as data sources.
  • Determine type of storage media on which data is located including extraction methods based on storage type.
  • Determine how the data is described and classified, and if it needs to be transformed.
  • Determine how data from various sources is related and document the relationships.
  • Determine what data is calculated rather than stored.
  • Determine the integrity of the data and what security individual pieces of data should have.
  • Document your findings using appropriate tools and methods.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Data Design Data Design is the process of determining the type of data that will be used by a software application or a database.

Assess your ability to design data for use by databases and applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Define the data entities so that developers and administrators will know what the data is and how it will be used.
  • Determine what attributes the data will have (e.g. type and format).
  • Establish any conventions in spelling and naming that will apply.
  • Ensure that each data element is independent and has one and only one meaning.
  • Create and administer a data dictionary.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Data Warehouse Query and Reporting Data Warehouse Query and Reporting includes report authoring and usage, and ad hoc querying.

Assess your ability to develop queries and reports in a data warehouse environment. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Determine an organization's query and reporting requirements.
  • Determine what tools to use to meet customer query and report needs.
  • Query and report from relational data sources.
  • Provide for impromptu web based ad hoc queries of relational data sources using hyperlink navigation.
  • Provide for analysis and reporting of OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) data sources using standard interfaces or web browsers.
  • Document your query and report solutions.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Define Software Architectures Defining the architecture of a software product includes establishing the framework and developing individual components which will in turn be broken into smaller structures. This architecture includes the requirements specifications, environmental constraints, and the creation of an information model for the product.

Assess your ability to architect a software product. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Determine system design objective and performance criteria.
  • Determine system features, functions, and services.
  • Establish communications models and protocols.
  • Establish security features.
  • Develop an information architecture model which partitions the client and server services.
  • Conduct management reviews and obtain agreement on the architecture framework.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Design and Develop Using SQL Server SQL Server provides a set of tools for the design and development of client/server applications that connect to the SQL Server database or other relational databases.

Assess your ability to use SQL Server to design and develop client/server applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Design, develop and deploy a SQL Server database that meets specifications.
  • Setup tables, relationships, and primary and foreign keys to support application and reporting specifications.
  • Set up the proper indices.
  • Prepare and deliver ERDs and other appropriate documentation to the customer.
  • Load and test client data.
  • Transfer your knowledge of the schema design to others as required.
  • Design the migration to the next higher version of the database software.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Develop Software Requirements Developing Software Requirements encompasses gathering and validating requirements in the form of specifications for use by software developers, clients, and the software development organization's management.

Assess your ability to develop software requirements for full life-cycle development, packaged implementations, custom enhancements or package modifications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Conduct interviews and brainstorming sessions for requirements collection.
  • Create clear, concise definition documents and requirements specifications.
  • Appropriately document results from interviews and brainstorming sessions for easy conversion to design documents.
  • Participate in Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions for requirements collection and validation.
  • Create clear, concise definition documents and requirements specifications.
  • Defining and documenting technical solutions based on achieving specified business goals.
  • Use requirements definition database tool as appropriate.
  • Reprioritize requirements based on ongoing development and feedback.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Develop Using Oracle Databases Oracle is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that runs on various hardware and operating systems from PCs to mainframes.

Assess your ability to design and develop applications using Oracle. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the differences between SQL and SQLPlus.
  • Describe single-row functions and how to obtain data from multiple tables.
  • Explain the types of sub-queries, how to produce reports, and to introduce DML statements.
  • Explain how to create and maintain database objects.
  • Illustrate the use of constraints and show how to control user access.
  • Explain the advanced features of PL/SQL.
  • Explain the concept of a composite database, and to show how to use cursors and handle exceptions in PL/SQL.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design GUI (Graphical User Interface) refers to a user interface that uses high-resolution graphics. Standard GUI components combines graphics, the object-action paradigm, the use of printing devices, menu bars, overlapping windows, and icons.

Assess you ability to design GUI's. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Describe the principles of graphical user interface design.
  • Differentiate between effective and ineffective interfaces.
  • List and describe standard attributes of a window environment.
  • Develop effective navigation through the interface.
  • Know in what situations to use color, graphics, audio, and animation.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Internet and Web Site Security Internet and Web Site Security refers to the processes involved in creating a secure web site inaccessible to unauthorized parties. This is especially important when dealing with business transactions such as credit card numbers, or corporate data.

Assess your ability to design web sites and use the Internet with a focus on security. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Decide on the most appropriate web server deployment strategy for your Intranet or the Internet.
  • Estimate communications bandwidth requirements.
  • Describe how an Intranet site may be integrated with, but protected from, the Internet.
  • Describe the administration tasks associated with maintaining a web server.
  • Explain how operating system security contributes to web site security.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Java Programming Java is an object-oriented programming language designed for use on the Internet. Java can be used to create applications that run on a single computer or can be distributed among servers and clients in a network. Small application modules or applets can also be created through Java to be used within web pages.

Assess your ability to create applications using the Java programming language. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Program applets and applications using Java.
  • Describe the Java Database Connectivity architecture, how database connections are controlled using drivers, and how databases are queried.
  • Describe Java's two solutions for allowing objects to communicate over a network - RMI (Remote Method Invocation) and IDL (Interface Definition Language).
  • Create an application using Java that can interact with images, animations, and sounds.
  • Use objects, classes, methods, and messages to explain object-oriented principles and methodologies.
  • Describe the structure of a Java class, outline the properties of an object and its interfaces, and explain exception handling.
  • Describe Java packages, how these packages are used in applications, how threads are synchronized in Java, and how Java programs are internationalized.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Performance Analysis Performance Analysis is used to detect performance problems as early in the development cycle as possible. Steps can then be taken to prevent the problems from occurring.

Assess your performance analysis abilities. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Perform crude performance estimates.
  • Identify potential causes of bottlenecks in a multitasking, multiresource environment.
  • Specify and write performance test cases (benchmarks).
  • Use available tools, both hardware and software, to gather performance statistics.
  • Apply performance improving techniques (e.g. caching, blocking, read ahead, locality of reference).
  • Identify the common case and optimize for it.
  • Use statistical analysis in regards to the gathered measurements.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Principles of the Software Development Process An understanding of the Principles of the Software Development Process includes knowledge of software development processes and lifecycles, software specification and design and reuse and re-engineering.

Assess your knowledge of software processes and principles in world-class software organizations. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the principles of software engineering.
  • Understand the role of the software process.
  • Define software development life cycles.
  • Explain the stages of common life cycles.
  • Understand the concept of software reuse.
  • Explain the concept of software re-engineering.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Programming Software Systems and Applications Programming is the ability to apply your knowledge of a variety of programming techniques to generate executable code. An expert general programmer should be highly experienced with one or more assembler languages, 3rd generation languages, and object-oriented techniques and languages. Designs for programming in a stateless environment such as Intranets or Internets should be understood. You should be able to select and apply an appropriate programming technique without assistance.

Assess your ability to program software systems or applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Define variables in various scopes for a programming language such as C, C++, or Visual Basic.
  • Design Internet and Intranet applications using web-based languages such as Java and JavaScript.
  • Describe the design features of object-orientated languages.
  • Understand Distributed Component Principles and Technologies.
  • Understand and use threading and memory allocation, if applicable.
  • Utilize memory sharing techniques.
  • Describe the difference between 3rd and 4th generation programming languages.
  • Debug compiled code using monitors of variables and program steps.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Develop Applications Using Relational Databases Relational database products are frequently used in the development of applications. These applications can be used on multiple platforms such as client/server and mainframe.

Assess your ability to design and develop applications using relational databases. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Contrast relational databases with those based on the hierarchical and network models, pointing out the advantages of the relational model.
  • Evaluate a DBMS in terms of its relationality (as defined by Codd's rules) and its functionality.
  • Use the criteria of uniqueness and minimality to identify suitable candidate keys in relational tables and use these to select a primary key.
  • Identify traditional set and special relational operators and demonstrate their usefulness.
  • Describe the three-layer architecture of the relational model and explain how this structure ensures layer independence.
  • State the referential and entity integrity rules, identify when they are breached, and relate integrity rules to the requirements of the real world.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Software Project Management Software Project Management includes skills associated with project management, as well as those considerations unique to software development. It requires an understanding of project lifecycles, technology issues, and the additional need for change control often associated with software processes.

Assess your ability to manage software projects. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the processes involved in the initiation phase of a project and the development of an overall project plan.
  • Understand processes involved in developing and managing the scope of a project.
  • Describe in detail the process of resource allocation and how cost, work, and time estimates are developed.
  • Understand the concepts of scheduling with particular reference to CPM/PERT and other quantitative methodologies.
  • Examine the procedures whereby goods and services may have to be procured from outside sources for the project.
  • Describe the processes of identifying, quantifying, and responding to risks.
  • Describe in detail the processes of project quality planning, quality control, and quality assurance.
  • Identify, document, and assign roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Supporting Software Development Software development and maintenance activities are necessary to support organizations that are developing software products.

Assess you ability to support software development. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Use configuration management tools for specific projects.
  • Assure separation of development, test, and production environments.
  • Create a software configuration management plan, either manually or with software.
  • Design and implement an archive process.
  • Understand the issues involved with, and be able to implement, source code control.
  • Evaluate and select a problem tracking system.
  • Maintain levels of project test data in databases.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Testing of Software Products Testing is a key stage in the software development process. Acceptance testing is used for final product validation.

Assess your ability to test a software product through the appropriate stages of its development. Consider your ability to lead a test team through a successful product test. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Create test plans and test cases for each phase of the testing cycle.
  • Use techniques such as white box, black box, boundary, load, and stress testing.
  • Unit test a module or low level object.
  • Test a component or similar grouping of objects.
  • Perform systems tests, regression tests, integration tests, and acceptance tests.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering Visual Basic Programming The Visual Basic language was created by Microsoft but also incorporates many third party tools and add-ons. Fundamentals in VB can be applied to many new third party languages that are derived from VB.

Assess your ability to apply the Visual Basic language in the development of applications. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Use advanced features such as building libraries and application frameworks.
  • Design and develop software using Visual Basic.
  • Code, test, debug, and document programs written in Visual Basic.
  • Work with existing VB classes and methods.
  • Create and modify classes.
  • Use ADO to implement database access.
  • Incorporate Microsoft or third-party Active-X components.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Development / Software Engineering XML Authoring XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup specification language that allows you to define your own markup language. It is used to define document structure and content.

Assess your ability to develop XML languages and documents. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Write a DTD (Document Type Definition) defining an XML language.
  • Explain how XML relates to HTML and SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language).
  • Create "well-formed" and "valid" XML documents.
  • Use XML related technologies such as CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language).
  • Use programs to read or work with XML documents (e.g. parsers, converters, databases, XML editors, etc.).
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Administer Novell Netware Operating Systems Novell Netware is a networking operating system used in IBM compatibles and Macintosh desktop computers.

Assess your ability to install, configure, maintain and tune Novell Netware. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand the main features of service and support.
  • Provide maintenance and administration to storage devices, network printers, network cabling.
  • Maintain and secure the NDS.
  • Install the various components of the Novell NetWare system.
  • Understand the differences between the various Novell Netware versions.
  • Understand security considerations within the Novell Netware Operating System.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Administer Oracle Oracle is a relational database management system engine that will run on various hardware and operating systems, from PCs to mainframes.

Assess your ability to monitor, tune and administer an Oracle database. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain the steps needed to set up a new Oracle database.
  • Discuss the relationship between an entity relationship diagram and the associated database objects.
  • Construct the data dictionary.
  • Describe the database structure and storage parameters.
  • Assign end-users and privileges to the system.
  • Explain database segments and constraints.
  • Perform a database audit.
  • Perform an incomplete recovery operation in the appropriate situation.
  • Perform logical backups of the database when using the Export and Import utilities.
  • Use the necessary tools to identify, correct, and protect against system loss.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Administer SQL Server Databases Microsoft's SQL Server is a database management system that can be used over a variety of networks.

Assess your ability to administer SQL Server databases. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Install the database on a variety of hardware platforms.
  • Tune the database for optimal performance.
  • Setup indices where required.
  • Maximize throughput.
  • Perform user administration and perform basic backup tasks.
  • Prepare complete database documentation including data dictionary, data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and functional specifications.
  • Document the installation in detail and train customers to take over administration tasks.

Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Administer UNIX Operating Systems UNIX is an operating system that features multiprogramming in a multiple user environment. The UNIX operating system was originally developed for use on minicomputers but has been adopted for mainframes and microcomputers.

Assess your ability to install, configure, and maintain UNIX. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Work with Unix files and file systems.
  • Use UNIX Editors to manipulate files.
  • Administer the user environment
  • Use process and data utilities.
  • Provide administration to various Unix based operating systems such as HP-UX and Sun Solaris.
  • Customize your UNIX environment.
  • Perform advanced editing tasks using vi.
  • Manage disk space by compressing and archiving files.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Administer Windows NT Operating Systems Microsoft's Windows NT Server is a network operating system designed to run on PCs.

Assess your ability to install, configure, and maintain Windows NT Server. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Install and initialize NT on a variety of hardware platforms.
  • Upgrade current network operating systems with the newest version.
  • Perform system administration tasks including user administration, password synchronization, sharing and permissions.
  • Integrate the server into an existing network (e.g. NT, NetWare, Unix, etc.).
  • Monitor network traffic, tasks and resource usage.
  • Tune the server for maximum performance and gather system resource information (e.g. device drivers, IRQs, DMAs, IO addresses etc.).
  • Develop and implement a backup strategy for multiple NT servers.
  • Document the complete installation including what was done during administration and tuning.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Help Desk Reporting Help Desk Reporting is very important to ensure information and communications are being effectively transferred between users or clients and your company. Periodic reporting provides the basis for analyzing help desk strengths or reoccurring application problems.

Assess your ability to report on help desk issues. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Use change logs, issue logs, and status reports to share problem status information.
  • Determine the content of status reports.
  • Establish responsibility for the production of status reports.
  • Determine the frequency or schedule of reports.
  • Use the reports to evaluate help desk effectiveness.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Computer Software Implementation and Support Implement Apache The Apache Project is a collaborative software development effort aimed at creating a robust, commercial-grade, full featured, and freely available source code implementation of an HTTP (Web) server.

Assess your ability to implement an Apache HTTP Web Server. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Determine how to use the server to meet e-Commerce business requirements.
  • Configure a server based on intended use - Intranet or Internet, according to specifications.
  • Recommend the proper equipment configuration.
  • Set up and install the server with the correct operating system software.
  • Thoroughly test the server, troubleshoot and resolve all issues to a satisfactory conclusion.
  • Determine that the server is performing properly and tune it if it is not.
  • Perform all administration functions correctly.
  • Perform all necessary documentation and knowledge transfer tasks.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Analyze Accounts Payable Accounts Payable is the debts of a company for merchandise or services purchased on credit. These debts are listed as a current liability on the company's balance sheet.

Assess your ability to analyze accounts payable and to account for it using general accounting principles, procedures, and practices. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand current accounting practices.
  • Ensure all expenses are authorized and allowable.
  • Receive and enter purchase orders (POs).
  • Match purchase order to invoice and verify that all goods and/or services were received as ordered.
  • Process vendor invoices on a timely basis ensuring proper approvals and adherence to policy.
  • Post invoices to general ledger.
  • Generate all disbursement batches (checks and transfers) on a scheduled basis.
  • Perform the reconciliation process and provide analyses as required.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Budgeting Budgeting is fitting and adjusting expenditures within a pre-defined financial framework.

Assess your ability to calculate high accuracy budgets and manage effectively to budgets. As an expert, without assistance you should be able to perform the following:

  • Discuss the purposes and benefits of budgeting.
  • Discuss the costs of budgeting.
  • Explain the planning and control functions of revenue budgeting.
  • Prepare and discuss various types of budgets.
  • Outline the uses and importance of capital budgeting.
  • Identify the appropriate budgeting strategies for a series of business situations.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Financial Analysis Financial Analysis is a key process used by organizations to ensure that all decision-making, at both the operational and macro levels, is done with the intent of increasing shareholder value. This involves the examination of financial information in order to interpret financial, legal, industry, economic, and relevant political data. These interpretations are, in turn, used to formulate business decisions, reports and forecasts.

Assess your ability to analyze financial information and apply it to business decision making. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform most or all of the following:

  • Describe the purpose and key concepts of financial analysis.
  • List the external sources of information that support financial decision making, and explain their importance to this process.
  • Explain how financial analysis can be used to evaluate corporate and managerial performance.
  • List the micro level (operational) decisions which are particularly contingent on financial analysis.
  • Explain the importance of comparing business results to budget plans.
  • Outline alternative ways of analyzing performance.
  • Perform horizontal and vertical analysis on financial statements.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Financial Knowledge Knowledge of financial processes includes understanding planning, organizing, directing and controlling the financial operations of an organization.

Assess your knowledge of financial processes. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Keep up-to-date with the latest trends in your business area through reading of periodicals, customer interactions, Internet research, and other methods.
  • Determine common financial requirements and describe how they are normally delivered.
  • Describe the basic accounting functions and principles (AR, GL, AP, etc.).
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Knowledge of Accounting Accounting is the compilation and analysis of financial information for use in making business decisions. It uses Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and their application to practices such as financial, managerial and tax accounting.

Assess your accounting ability. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Understand and apply GAAP.
  • Perform contemporary accounting practices.
  • Identify the external stakeholders in a business and the kinds of accounting information they require.
  • Identify internal stakeholders and their accounting needs.
  • Describe the financial accounting subsystem.
  • Describe the management accounting subsystem.
  • Discuss the issues involved in international accounting.
  • Discuss ethical issues with regards to accounting.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Manage Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable is monies that are owed to an organizational unit for services rendered. Managing accounts receivable involves ensuring that all payments due are collected in the correct amounts and within the desired timeframe.

Assess your ability to manage the accounts receivable function for an organizational unit. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Ensure clients adhere to agreed upon payment terms, and billing statements are sent out to clients as needed.
  • Ensure that billing and payment issues are tracked and resolved.
  • Review accounts receivable for potential payment problems (e.g. routinely review A/R aging reports to detect seriously delinquent accounts).
  • Determine and implement appropriate steps to address seriously delinquent accounts.
  • Monitor results of vendors assisting with the collection process, and take steps to correct unsatisfactory performance.
  • Assist with credit/rebilling efforts as necessary (e.g. obtain needed documentation, seek required approval, adjust client charges, follow up to ensure timely processing).
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Financial Processes Payroll Administration Payroll is a record listing the names of employees during a given pay period, the rates of pay, time worked, gross earnings, net pay, deductions for taxes, and any other amounts withheld such as unemployment insurance, contributions to pension plans, and medical insurance.

Assess your ability to account for payroll liabilities taking into account the items discussed above and the use of accounting principles, procedures, and practices. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Maintain current knowledge of changes in deduction regulations, deadlines, and tax requirements.
  • Keep accurate and up to date information on personnel for payroll purposes.
  • Issue manual or electronic payroll checks correctly calculating all income sources and appropriate deductions.
  • Understand the details of employee medical insurance plan.
  • Issue Record of Employment (ROE) as required.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Information Development Document Assessment Document Assessment is the process of evaluating how well the current documentation of an organization is meeting user needs.

Assess your ability to assess how current documentation is meeting customer requirements. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Conduct interviews with business analysts, users, and developers to learn how the documentation supports the subject matter, including the appropriateness of the layout and organization.
  • Review how users are using the documentation to support their activities.
  • Document your findings.
  • Prepare and distribute your findings to appropriate individuals for validation.
  • Recommend changes and enhancements, if appropriate, based on your findings.
  • Gain customer approval to implement the changes.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Information Development Graphic Design Graphic Design encompasses the ability to artistically design creative images utilizing appropriate color theory and design techniques. Additionally, this skill implies the ability to incorporate photographs, drawings and digital images to create interesting and tasteful imagery that enhances corporate logos and pictorials.

Assess your graphic design abilities. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Concisely and thoroughly document the client's media assets.
  • Communicate graphic concepts to a client through rough sketches, proofs, blueprints or document maps.
  • Develop identity logos according to rigid specifications for electronic deployment and re-adjust the graphic system to work with a new or existing corporate identity.
  • Develop graphics in an appropriate format for use digitally, such as over the Internet.
  • Design graphic interfaces for electronic applications including CD-ROM, web sites and kiosks that satisfy the client and meet specifications.
  • Use expert typography skills to layout text provided by copywriters that satisfy user expectations and fulfill specifications.
  • Integrate existing marketing campaigns as required.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Information Development Materials Management Materials Management includes ensuring that all materials are logged and filed in an organized fashion either electronically and/or in paper format.

Assess your ability to efficiently manage materials. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Develop a deployment strategy and framework (e.g. based on the types and variety of documents, develop an organizing strategy to facilitate efficient retrieval).
  • Develop a revision strategy to support business goals or international standards.
  • Develop a method to track where paper documents are kept and establish and enforce a check-in and checkout procedure for both electronic and paper documents.
  • Gather requirements for a documentation management tool (e.g. off-the-shelf or custom developed).
  • Ensure that documents that are available electronically are properly filed in the repository database.
  • Secure electronic files to ensure they cannot be removed or deleted without authorization.
  • Ensure that all critical documents are backed up either electronically or with a second paper copy.
  • Demonstrate ability to develop materials management strategy to support ISO 9000, QS9000 and other international standard initiatives and enhance compliance.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Information Development Technical Document Design Technical Document Design is the process of determining the content, layout, and look and feel of a document before it is finalized and printed.

Access your ability to design technical documents. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Analyze and develop procedures for creating technical documentation.
  • Conduct interviews with business analysts, users, and developers to determine what content should be included in the document.
  • Incorporate design techniques as appropriate (e.g. fonts, color scheme, white space, balance).
  • Create and maintain style sheets.
  • Prepare and distribute design drafts for review.
  • Validate appropriateness of requested changes and incorporate them as needed into designs.
  • Gain client design approval.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Management and Human Resource Processes Benefit Plan Administration Administering a benefit plan involves performing tasks in a timely and accurate manner that contribute to the successful delivery of company benefit plans. Benefit plans include such packages as health and welfare plans, life insurance, disability pay, and flexible spending accounts.

Assess your ability to administer benefit plans. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Process plan enrollments, coverage changes, and terminations in an accurate and timely manner.
  • Provide adequate answers to employee/vendor questions regarding the plan(s) (e.g. coverage questions, billing concerns).
  • Troubleshoot benefit plan concerns/problems, referring major issues to management as appropriate (e.g. legal concerns).
  • Review invoices for accuracy and submit to management ensuring the timely payment of bills (e.g. run system reports to review accuracy).
  • Assist with the communication of benefit plan information.
  • Gather internal and external information regarding benefit plans and provide to senior management (e.g. informal feedback regarding program effectiveness from employees and management, recommendations regarding new benefits and/or changes to existing benefits).
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Management and Human Resource Processes Branch Operations Coordination Branch Operation Coordination ensures that all branches operate in adherence to organizational policies and procedures.

Assess your ability to direct and coordinate branch operations. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Explain any policies and procedures to appropriate branch personnel as required.
  • Make sure that branch personnel can find, explain and carry out policies and procedures in all areas (i.e. disaster recovery, purchasing, housekeeping, telecommunications, security, mail, space, travel, meetings, national vendors, etc.)
  • Introduce changes that have a positive effect on operations.
  • Make inspections to assure that branches are administered consistently and in accordance with quality standards.
  • Document any deviations from standards and take appropriate action to bring branch operations into compliance.
  • Notify branch and unit management of compliance to standards.
  • Benchmark operations against other companies (i.e. survey participation, reviews, round tables, etc.) to find new, beneficial processes and programs.
  • Perform any knowledge transfer tasks as required.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Management and Human Resource Processes Business Development Business Development involves tactical management, pursuit management, and relationship management.

Assess your business development abilities. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Assist and/or lead specific branch business development activities.
  • Develop strategies and competitive differentiation for specific solution offerings.
  • Determine which companies to target, gather critical information regarding client's critical success factors and current/future challenges and business needs.
  • Build relationships with targeted companies.
  • Understand and participate in all stages of the pursuit management process.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Management and Human Resource Processes Business Relationship Management Relationship Management involves the identification and securing of new business relationships to accelerate market presence. It also involves the ongoing maintenance of current client relationships.

Assess your ability to manage business relationships. As an expert, without assistance, you should be able to perform the following:

  • Cultivate new client opportunities and determine if a relationship should be established.
  • Expand networks through participation in professional and industry associations, community activities, and indirect sales or marketing activities.
  • Profile potential clients to build an understanding of their business needs.
  • Use your knowledge of the client's business objectives and current situation to identify new opportunities and to meet current needs.
  • Maintain an open channel of communication to ensure continued satisfaction (e.g. keep abreast of how projects are going, find out if needs are being met, resolve issues/concerns).
  • Identify and meet with client's key decision makers to build relationships.
  • Serve as the client's primary contact.
  • Advise the client on business issues helping them look beyond the present and positioning them for the future.
Copyright 1996-2001 SkillScape Inc.
Management and Human Resource Processes Career D